Overview & Comparison of Water- vs Lipid-Soluble Hormones

The video introduces the endocrine system, highlighting its role as a major control system alongside the nervous system. It explains the production and release of hormones by glands, differentiating between endocrine and exocrine glands. The video delves into the two main classes of hormones: water-soluble and lipid-soluble, detailing their mechanisms of action. Water-soluble hormones use transmembrane receptors and second messengers, while lipid-soluble hormones directly cross cell membranes to influence gene expression. The video concludes with a preview of the next topic: the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

• To filter blood

• To digest food

• To produce and release hormones

• To control the body through electrical impulses

Which gland releases hormones into the blood?

• Sweat gland

• Thyroid gland

• Salivary gland

• Sebaceous gland

What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

• Exocrine glands are located in the brain

• Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood

• Exocrine glands release hormones into the blood

• Endocrine glands release substances onto body surfaces

What are the two major classes of hormones?

• Protein and carbohydrate hormones

• Water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones

• Mineral and vitamin hormones

• Acidic and basic hormones

How do water-soluble hormones exert their effects on target cells?

• By altering the cell membrane

• By using second messengers

• By binding to nuclear receptors

• By directly entering the cell

Which of the following is a second messenger used by water-soluble hormones?

• Glucose

• Cyclic AMP

• RNA

• DNA

What is the role of a G-protein in hormone signaling?

• To transport hormones in the blood

• To activate enzymes inside the cell

• To synthesize hormones

• To degrade hormones

How do lipid-soluble hormones differ from water-soluble hormones in their mechanism of action?

• They directly cross the cell membrane

• They are stored in vesicles

• They bind to receptors on the cell membrane

• They require a second messenger

Where are the receptors for lipid-soluble hormones typically located?

• In the bloodstream

• On the cell membrane

• In the cytoplasm

• On the skin surface

What is the ultimate effect of lipid-soluble hormones on target cells?

• They induce gene expression

• They decrease cell size

• They alter the cell's electrical charge

• They increase cell membrane permeability