Signal Transduction in Immune Cells: Receptor-Ligand Interactions

The video tutorial explains how immune cells communicate through receptor-ligand interactions. It covers the structure and function of receptors, signal transduction mechanisms, and the role of kinases and GTPases in signaling. The tutorial also discusses the specificity of receptor-ligand pairings and the diverse outcomes of receptor activation, such as protein modifications and changes in cell behavior.

What is the primary way immune cells communicate and respond to changes?

• Through electrical signals

• Through direct cell fusion

• Via receptor-ligand interactions

• By releasing hormones

What are the two domains of immune cell receptors?

• Golgi and lysosomal

• Nuclear and cytoplasmic

• Mitochondrial and ribosomal

• Extracellular and intracellular

How do receptors achieve specificity in ligand binding?

• By having a flexible structure

• Through random interactions

• By changing their shape constantly

• By being specific to particular ligands

What is the first step in signal transduction?

• Cell division

• Ligand synthesis

• Conversion of extracellular binding to intracellular cues

• Receptor degradation

What role do kinases play in signal transduction?

• They attach phosphate groups to proteins

• They degrade proteins

• They synthesize DNA

• They transport molecules across membranes

What happens when a G-protein-coupled receptor binds its ligand?

• The receptor is destroyed

• A heterotrimeric G-protein complex binds and activates

• The receptor becomes inactive

• The cell undergoes apoptosis

Which of the following is a possible outcome of receptor activation?

• Uncontrolled cell growth

• Cellular dehydration

• Protein modifications like phosphorylation

• Immediate cell death