AMPK Signaling Pathway: Regulation and Downstream Effects

The video provides an overview of the AMPK signaling pathway, highlighting its role as an energy sensor in cells. AMPK is activated by an increased AMP to ATP ratio, exercise, and other factors. Once activated, AMPK regulates various cellular processes, including inhibiting mTOR signaling, promoting autophagy, and affecting protein synthesis. It also influences fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism by activating fatty acid catabolism and inhibiting synthesis. Additionally, AMPK enhances glucose uptake and inhibits glycogen synthesis. Overall, AMPK promotes catabolism over anabolism, aiming to increase energy production and reduce energy expenditure.

What is the primary factor that regulates AMPK activation?

• The amount of protein synthesis

• The ratio of AMP to ATP

• The presence of glucose

• The level of oxygen

Which of the following is NOT an activator of AMPK?

• Exercise

• LKB1

• Insulin

• AMP

How does AMPK affect mTOR signaling?

• It inhibits mTOR, reducing protein synthesis

• It enhances mTOR's ability to synthesize proteins

• It activates mTOR, promoting protein synthesis

• It has no effect on mTOR

What role does AMPK play in fatty acid metabolism?

• It has no effect on fatty acids

• It activates fatty acid synthesis

• It inhibits fatty acid oxidation

• It activates fatty acid catabolism

Which enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis is inhibited by AMPK?

• LKB1

• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

• ATGL

• HMG-CoA reductase

How does AMPK influence glucose uptake in cells?

• It only affects glucose uptake in the presence of insulin

• It prevents glucose uptake entirely

• It increases glucose uptake through GLUT4 transporters

• It decreases glucose uptake

What is the overall effect of AMPK signaling on cellular metabolism?

• It enhances catabolism while reducing anabolism

• It promotes anabolism over catabolism

• It increases energy expenditure

• It has no significant effect on metabolism