Ribosomes: structure and function

The video tutorial explains ribosomes, their structure, and function in cells. Ribosomes are organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, aiding in protein synthesis. They consist of RNA and proteins, forming two subunits that come together during protein production. The tutorial details the differences between ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and outlines the protein synthesis process, including initiation, elongation, and termination.

What is a ribosome primarily responsible for in the cell?

• Breaking down waste

• Producing energy

• Synthesizing proteins

• Storing genetic information

Where are ribosomes located in eukaryotic cells?

• In the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum

• In the mitochondria

• Only in the nucleus

• Only on the cell membrane

What are the main components of a ribosome?

• RNA and proteins

• DNA and lipids

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• DNA and proteins

What are the two subunits of a prokaryotic ribosome?

• 20S and 40S

• 10S and 30S

• 30S and 50S

• 40S and 60S

During which step of protein synthesis does the peptide chain grow?

• Replication

• Termination

• Elongation

• Initiation

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

• It breaks down proteins

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome

• It synthesizes DNA

• It stores genetic information

What happens during the termination step of protein synthesis?

• The peptide chain is released

• The tRNA is degraded

• The ribosome assembles

• The mRNA is synthesized