How Exactly Did Australia Become a Penal Colony?

The video explores how England used penal colonies to rid itself of criminals, initially sending them to America before shifting to Australia after the American Revolution. It details the establishment of Australian colonies, the challenges faced, and the eventual integration of convicts into society. The video also covers the arrival of free settlers, economic growth, and Australia's journey towards federation and independence, culminating in the Statute of Westminster granting full autonomy.

Why did England initially transport convicts to America?

• To find gold

• To explore new lands

• To establish a new trade route

• To expand their realm without losing law-abiding citizens

What was the main reason for the initial transportation of convicts to Australia?

• To rid England of its criminal class

• To explore new lands

• To establish trade routes

• To find new resources

What was Captain Arthur Phillip's approach to managing convicts in the first settlement?

• He sought to reform them and treated them equally

• He imposed strict military discipline

• He isolated them from free settlers

• He sent them back to England

How did the first penal settlement in Port Jackson differ from later penal colonies?

• It was more focused on punishment

• It offered convicts a chance to start fresh

• It was isolated from free settlers

• It was a military base

What was the purpose of secondary punishment locations in Australia?

• To provide additional punishment for new offenses

• To serve as military bases

• To store supplies

• To house free settlers

What led to the decline of convict transportation to Australia?

• War with another country

• Lack of convicts

• Changing opinions on punishment and economic factors

• Discovery of gold

What economic activities did free settlers in Australia primarily engage in?

• Mining and fishing

• Raising sheep and cattle

• Manufacturing goods

• Building ships

What significant event in the 1850s led to a surge in migration to Australia?

• The end of convict transportation

• A new trade agreement with England

• The establishment of new colonies

• Discovery of gold in Victoria

By 1891, what was Australia a leading exporter of?

• Gold and silver

• Wool, mutton, dairy products, and wheat

• Coal and iron

• Textiles and machinery

What was the outcome of the Statute of Westminster for Australia?

• It became a British colony

• It was divided into separate colonies

• It gained full autonomy as a sovereign nation

• It lost its independence