Brainstem

This tutorial explores the anatomy of the brainstem, including the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, and their functions. It covers the dorsal and ventral aspects, cranial nerves, and sensory pathways. The tutorial also discusses brainstem stroke syndromes and their symptoms. Additionally, it examines structures surrounding the brainstem, such as the basal ganglia, diencephalon, and cerebellum, highlighting their roles in motor control and sensory integration.

What is the primary function of the brainstem?

• To process visual information

• To regulate emotions

• To connect the cerebral hemispheres to the spinal cord

• To initiate voluntary movements

Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling eye movements?

• Pons

• Medulla oblongata

• Cerebellum

• Midbrain

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

• Auditory processing

• Visual reflexes

• Motor coordination

• Balance and posture

Which structure forms part of the floor of the fourth ventricle?

• Rhomboid fossa

• Superior colliculi

• Cerebral peduncles

• Cerebellum

What is the primary symptom of Weber syndrome?

• Visual impairment

• Ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy

• Contralateral hemiparesis

• Loss of proprioception

Which structure is part of the basal ganglia visible in the image?

• Thalamus

• Cerebellum

• Caudate nucleus

• Pineal gland

What is the role of the pineal gland?

• Initiating voluntary movements

• Regulating circadian rhythm

• Connecting the brainstem to the cerebrum

• Processing auditory information

Which part of the cerebellum is responsible for planning and control of voluntary movements?

• Superior cerebellar peduncles

• Vermis

• Dentate nuclei

• Cerebellar cortex

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

• Initiating movement

• Modifying motor commands

• Processing sensory information

• Regulating emotions

Which cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain?

• Superior cerebellar peduncles

• Lateral cerebellar peduncles

• Inferior cerebellar peduncles

• Middle cerebellar peduncles