GCSE Biology - What are DNA Mutations? #67

The video tutorial explains mutations as changes in DNA sequences, often occurring during cell division. Carcinogens and radiation can increase mutation risks. DNA's role in coding proteins is discussed, highlighting how mutations can alter protein function. Most mutations are harmless, affecting non-coding DNA. The tutorial covers substitution, insertion, and deletion mutations, detailing their effects on DNA sequences and protein synthesis.

What is a mutation in the context of DNA?

• A change in the protein structure

• A change in the DNA base sequence

• A change in the cell membrane

• A change in the RNA sequence

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases the risk of mutations?

• Carcinogens

• X-rays

• Gamma rays

• Ultrasound waves

What is a codon?

• A group of three bases coding for an amino acid

• A single base in the DNA sequence

• A protein structure

• A type of mutation

How can a mutation affect an enzyme?

• By turning it into a carbohydrate

• By changing its active site shape

• By increasing its size

• By making it more acidic

What is the role of non-coding DNA?

• It codes for proteins

• It is responsible for cell division

• It regulates gene expression

• It forms the cell membrane

Which type of mutation involves the addition of an extra base?

• Translocation

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Substitution

What happens in a deletion mutation?

• A base is duplicated

• An extra base is added

• A base is removed from the sequence

• A base is replaced with another