Global Review: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

The video provides an overview of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, highlighting key figures like Francis Bacon, Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton. It discusses the shift from geocentric to heliocentric views and the development of the scientific method. The impact of Descartes on individualism and reason is explored, along with the role of the printing press in spreading ideas. Philosophers Hobbes and Locke's differing views on government and social contracts are examined, followed by Montesquieu's, Rousseau's, and Voltaire's contributions to political thought.

What was the primary goal of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment as discussed in the introduction?

• To maintain the status quo of the Dark Ages

• To transition to a modern civilization using science and reason

• To reinforce the authority of the Catholic Church

• To explore the universe through mythology

Who is credited with developing the scientific method?

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Sir Francis Bacon

Which scientist was forced to recant his heliocentric views?

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Johannes Kepler

What did Descartes believe about human beings?

• They should rely on authority for truth

• They are machines like animals

• They are inherently evil

• They have the power of reason

What invention helped spread ideas during the Enlightenment?

• The steam engine

• The printing press

• The telescope

• The compass

What was Thomas Hobbes' view on human nature?

• Humans are naturally cooperative

• Humans are inherently evil

• Humans are naturally peaceful

• Humans are inherently good

According to John Locke, what is the government's primary role?

• To grant freedom to the people

• To protect natural rights

• To control the economy

• To enforce religious laws

What concept did Montesquieu introduce to prevent government corruption?

• Absolute monarchy

• Separation of powers

• Divine right of kings

• Direct democracy

What was Rousseau's main concern regarding society?

• The lack of technological advancement

• The unequal distribution of wealth

• The overemphasis on individualism

• The absence of religious authority

What principle is Voltaire most associated with?

• Religious conformity

• Freedom of speech

• Political centralization

• Economic equality