Cryptography Concepts

What is the primary difference between steganography and cryptography?

• Steganography hides the existence of a message, while cryptography hides its meaning.

• Steganography hides the meaning of a message, while cryptography hides its existence.

• Steganography uses physical concealment, while cryptography uses digital methods.

• Steganography is an ancient technique, while cryptography is modern.

How did the Spartans use a Skytale to send secret messages?

• They wrote messages on a wooden board and covered it with wax.

• They rearranged letters on a leather strip wrapped around a rod.

• They replaced letters with different symbols on a scroll.

• They used invisible ink that only appeared when heated.

How does a Caesar Shift Cipher encrypt a message?

• It rearranges the letters of the message randomly.

• It replaces each letter with a letter three spaces down the alphabet.

• It uses a keyword to create a unique substitution alphabet.

• It hides the message within another, seemingly innocent, document.

What was the primary purpose of frequency analysis as developed by Islamic scholars?

• To create more complex substitution ciphers.

• To determine the authenticity and linguistic styles of religious texts.

• To hide messages more effectively within other documents.

• To rearrange letters in a message for better concealment.

Who was the first scholar to realize that frequency analysis could be used to break ciphers?

• Al-Kindi

• Vigenère

• Mary Queen of Scots

• Queen Elizabeth

What factors contributed to the renewed interest in cryptography during the Renaissance in Europe?

• Increased trade routes and exploration

• The invention of the printing press

• An outpouring of interest in arts and sciences combined with political intrigue

• The decline of the Roman Empire

Which of the following was NOT an innovation introduced during the Renaissance to make ciphers harder to break?

• Nulls

• Misspelling messages

• Polyalphabetic ciphers

• Codes

What is the primary characteristic of a Nomenclator in cryptography?

• It is a cipher that uses only numbers

• It is a method of intentionally misspelling messages

• It is a mix between ciphers and codes

• It is a system for breaking frequency analysis