Key Concepts in Sociology

The transcript explores the history and development of sociology from ancient times to the 21st century. It highlights key figures like Plato, Aristotle, Ibnu Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons. The evolution of sociological thought is discussed, including positivism, social contract theory, and critiques from the Frankfurt School. The text also covers the expansion of sociology into various subdisciplines and its adaptation to contemporary issues.

Which philosopher is known for contemplating the design of a just society in ancient Greece?

• Plato

• Pythagoras

• Socrates

• Epicurus

Who introduced the term 'sociology' in the 19th century?

• Herbert Spencer

• Karl Marx

• Auguste Comte

• Max Weber

Which intellectual applied Darwin's theory of evolution to sociology?

• Herbert Spencer

• Lester Frank Ward

• Emil Durkheim

• Thomas Hobbes

What was Karl Marx's significant contribution to sociology?

• Concept of social solidarity

• Theory of social evolution

• Social contract theory

• Theory of class struggle

Max Weber criticized the application of which type of methods to social sciences?

• Natural science methods

• Philosophical methods

• Historical methods

• Mathematical methods

Which school of thought dominated American sociology until the 1930s?

• Frankfurt School

• Chicago School

• Symbolic Interactionism

• Functionalism

Talcott Parsons is known for his work in which sociological theory?

• Symbolic interactionism

• Postmodernism

• Conflict theory

• Functionalism

Which school criticized positivist sociology for ignoring transformative aspects?

• Chicago School

• Frankfurt School

• Structuralism

• Postmodernism

What is a key characteristic of 21st-century sociology?

• Diverse paradigms

• Emphasis on positivism

• Focus on industrialization

• Strict adherence to classical theories

Which contemporary sociologist is known for the concept of 'double paradigm' in sociology?

• George Ritzer

• Slavoj Žižek

• Pierre Bourdieu

• Michel Foucault