Cardiovascular System Concepts

The video tutorial provides an in-depth overview of the cardiovascular system, focusing on its function of transporting oxygen and nutrients while maintaining blood pressure. It covers the heart's structure, including cardiac muscle tissues and cells, and explains the intrinsic cardiac conduction system. The tutorial also details the circulation pathways, heart chambers, and the cardiac cycle, emphasizing the importance of pressure changes. Finally, it discusses the regulation of heart function by external factors like hormones and the autonomic nervous system.

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

• To store energy

• To digest food

• To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells

• To produce hormones

Which of the following is NOT a major structure of the cardiovascular system?

• Blood

• Lungs

• Heart

• Blood vessels

What type of muscle tissue is the heart primarily composed of?

• Cardiac muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Skeletal muscle

• Connective tissue

What unique feature allows cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated manner?

• Motor units

• Gap junctions

• Nerve endings

• Tendons

What is the role of pacemaker cells in the heart?

• They generate electrical impulses

• They produce hormones

• They contract to pump blood

• They store oxygen

Which side of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?

• Neither side

• Both sides

• Right side

• Left side

What prevents the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction?

• Semilunar valves

• Atrioventricular valves

• Arteries

• Capillaries

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart fill with blood?

• Ejection

• Diastole

• Systole

• Contraction

Which hormone is known to increase heart rate during the fight-or-flight response?

• Thyroxine

• Epinephrine

• Insulin

• Cortisol

What is the average number of heartbeats per minute in a typical cardiac cycle?

• 90

• 100

• 75

• 60