Protein Synthesis and Ribosome Function

The video explains the process of translation, where mRNA is translated into proteins at ribosomes. It details the structure and function of ribosomes, the role of tRNA in bringing amino acids, and the steps of translation including initiation, elongation, and termination. The video also covers the levels of protein structure and differences in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Finally, it concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content creator on social media.

What are the two subunits of a ribosome made of?

• Protein and mRNA

• Protein and ribosomal RNA

• tRNA and ribosomal RNA

• mRNA and tRNA

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• To catalyze peptide bond formation

• To form the ribosome structure

• To bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome

• To transcribe DNA into mRNA

How is an amino acid attached to a tRNA molecule?

• By a tRNA activating enzyme

• By mRNA

• By a peptide bond

• By a ribosome

What must the start codon AUG be complemented by during translation initiation?

• The anticodon UGA of a tRNA molecule

• The anticodon AUG of a tRNA molecule

• The anticodon UAA of a tRNA molecule

• The anticodon UAC of a tRNA molecule

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

• The tRNA is charged with a new amino acid

• The ribosome forms a new peptide bond

• The ribosome starts a new translation cycle

• The polypeptide is released

What type of bond forms between cysteine R groups in a protein's tertiary structure?

• Disulfide bridge

• Peptide bond

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

What is the primary structure of a protein?

• The three-dimensional shape

• The interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

• The sequence and number of amino acids

• The arrangement of alpha helices and beta sheets

In prokaryotes, why can protein synthesis occur immediately after transcription?

• Because tRNA is more efficient

• Because mRNA is longer

• Because there is no nuclear membrane

• Because ribosomes are larger

Where are proteins made by free ribosomes used?

• In the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

• Outside of the cell

• In the endoplasmic reticulum

• In the Golgi apparatus

What is the role of bound ribosomes?

• To make proteins for the chloroplasts

• To make proteins for the ER, Golgi apparatus, and outside the cell

• To make proteins for the mitochondria

• To make proteins for the cytoplasm