Historical Perspectives and Methodologies

Professor Basílio introduces historiography, emphasizing its power to understand and transform the present by studying the past. He discusses three historiographical approaches: positivism, which relies on official documents; Marxism, focusing on common people and economic factors; and the Annales School, which uses a wide range of sources. The importance of diverse perspectives, including women's history, is highlighted. The lecture concludes with an invitation to explore history's transformative potential.

Why did Professor Basílio choose to study history?

• Because he was interested in mathematics

• Because he believes history has the power to denaturalize life

• Because he found it easy

• Because he wanted to travel

What is the main focus of positivist historians?

• Oral traditions

• Economic factors

• Official documents and great personalities

• Everyday life of common people

Why is the positivist approach considered limited?

• It ignores the role of the state

• It only considers official documents and overlooks common people

• It only focuses on oral traditions

• It does not use any documents

What does Marxist historiography prioritize?

• Architectural history

• Official state documents

• Economic factors and the working class

• Great political leaders

How does Marxist historiography view history?

• From the perspective of great leaders

• From the perspective of the state

• From the perspective of the working class

• From the perspective of ancient civilizations

What is unique about the Annales School's approach to history?

• It ignores the role of common people

• It focuses solely on economic factors

• It considers a wide range of sources, including everyday objects

• It only uses written documents

What kind of sources do Annales historians consider?

• Only economic data

• A wide range of sources, including architecture and everyday objects

• Only oral traditions

• Only official documents

When did the history of women start to be written?

• In the 18th century

• In the early 20th century

• In the 1960s and 70s

• In the 19th century

Why did the history of women start being written in the 1960s and 70s?

• Because new documents were discovered

• Because women started studying and writing history

• Because men started writing about women

• Because of technological advancements

What is the significance of diverse perspectives in history?

• They make history more confusing

• They provide a broader understanding of the past

• They ignore common people

• They focus only on political leaders