Geological Folds and Their Properties

The lecture covers the concepts of brittle and ductile deformation, focusing on folds and shear zones. It explores the geometry of folds, providing examples from the Alps and Oman, and discusses the self-similar nature of fold systems. Techniques for analyzing fold structures using Fier series are introduced. The lecture also explains fold characteristics, including axial planes and fold axes, and differentiates between sink lines and anticlines.

What type of deformation is time and temperature dependent?

• Brittle deformation

• Ductile deformation

• Elastic deformation

• Plastic deformation

Which geological structure is less discontinuous and forms under ductile conditions?

• Folds

• Joints

• Fractures

• Faults

What is the size of the fold example from Oman?

• 10 meters

• 100 meters

• Many hundreds of meters

• 3000 meters

Where can you view the large fold example from Oman?

• On Google Earth

• In a textbook

• In a museum

• In a laboratory

What mathematical technique is used to describe the range in size of folds?

• Z-transform

• Taylor series

• Fourier series

• Laplace transform

What is the term for the plane of symmetry in a fold?

• Axial plane

• Fold axis

• Hinge line

• Limb

What is the term for the line that runs along the crest of a fold?

• Limb

• Hinge line

• Fold axis

• Axial plane

What is the definition of a syncline?

• A fold with vertical layers

• A fold with horizontal layers

• A fold with younger rocks in the center

• A fold with older rocks in the center

What is the term for a fold with a gently curved boundary?

• Chevron fold

• Recumbent fold

• Rounded fold

• Isoclinal fold

What is the term for a fold with straight limbs and a sharply changing orientation?

• Chevron fold

• Rounded fold

• Isoclinal fold

• Recumbent fold