French Society and Economy Before 1789

The video explores the structure of French society in the 18th century, focusing on the three estates: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. It highlights the power and privileges of the first two estates and the struggles faced by the third estate, including heavy taxation and economic hardships. The video also discusses the rising population, food scarcity, and the resulting subsistence crises, leading to revolts and the eventual push for social and economic change.

What term is used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789?

• New Regime

• Middle Ages

• Old Regime

• Feudal System

What percentage of the population did the First Estate comprise?

• 5%

• 10%

• 0.5%

• 1%

What was the primary source of wealth for the First Estate?

• Military conquests

• Agriculture

• Taxes from peasants

• Trade

Which jobs were typically held by the Second Estate?

• Government, army, and courts

• Bankers and merchants

• Teachers and doctors

• Farmers and laborers

What percentage of the land was owned by the nobles and the church?

• 80%

• 70%

• 60%

• 50%

What was the direct land tax paid by the Third Estate called?

• Tithe

• Gabelle

• Taille

• Corvée

Which group made up 98% of the population in the Third Estate?

• Merchants

• Nobles

• Clergy

• Peasants and city workers

What was the staple diet of the majority in France during the 18th century?

• Rice

• Meat

• Potatoes

• Bread

What led to the subsistence crisis in France?

• Overproduction of grains

• Rapid increase in population and demand for food

• Decrease in population

• Stable food prices

Who were responsible for initiating full-scale measures for change in the social and economic order?

• Prosperous groups within the Third Estate

• Second Estate

• Foreign invaders

• First Estate