Respiratory System Functions and Structures

The video tutorial explains the process of gas exchange in humans, focusing on the structure and function of the lungs and thorax. It details the mechanics of breathing, including inhalation and exhalation, and how changes in air pressure facilitate these processes. The tutorial also covers the anatomy of the thorax, including the trachea, bronchi, alveoli, ribs, and diaphragm, and their roles in ventilation.

What is the primary function of the lungs in mammals?

• To pump blood

• To produce hormones

• To exchange gases between the environment and blood

• To digest food

Which structure carries air from the environment to the lungs?

• Esophagus

• Bronchioles

• Trachea

• Alveoli

What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

• Trachea

• Alveoli

• Pleural membranes

• Bronchi

What protects the lungs from physical damage?

• Bronchioles

• Ribs

• Alveoli

• Diaphragm

Which muscle separates the abdomen from the thorax?

• Intercostal muscles

• Diaphragm

• Pleural membranes

• Trachea

What is the term used for breathing in?

• Ventilation

• Respiration

• Exhalation

• Inhalation

How is air pressure inside the thorax changed?

• By moving the ribs inward

• By contracting the trachea

• By increasing the number of alveoli

• By changing the volume inside the thorax

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

• It remains unchanged

• It contracts and moves up

• It relaxes and moves up

• It contracts and flattens

During exhalation, what happens to the intercostal muscles?

• They contract

• They remain unchanged

• They expand

• They relax

What causes air to be drawn into the lungs during inhalation?

• Expansion of the alveoli

• Contraction of the trachea

• Lower air pressure inside the thorax

• Higher air pressure inside the thorax