Exploring the Respiratory System: Anatomy and Physiology

The video explains the respiratory system's role in gas exchange, detailing the journey of air from inhalation to the alveoli, where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled. It covers the anatomy and function of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, highlighting the mechanisms that protect and facilitate airflow and gas exchange.

What is the primary function of the lungs?

• To absorb nutrients

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce mucus

• To filter blood

What role do the nose hairs play in the respiratory system?

• Warming the air

• Producing mucus

• Trapping large particles

• Humidifying the air

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for preventing food from entering the nasopharynx?

• Epiglottis

• Uvula

• Laryngopharynx

• Soft palate

Which lung is more likely to receive an accidentally inhaled object and why?

• Right, because it is wider and more vertical

• Left, because it has more lobes

• Right, because it has fewer lobes

• Left, because it is larger

What happens to the diameter of airways when sympathetic nerves stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

• It remains the same

• It increases

• It fluctuates

• It decreases

What is the function of club cells in the bronchioles?

• Warming the air

• Protecting the bronchiolar epithelium

• Secreting mucus

• Filtering blood

What substance do type II pneumocytes secrete?

• Glycosaminoglycans

• Lysozyme

• Surfactant

• Mucus

How does the body remove tiny particles that reach the deep parts of the lungs?

• Through blood filtration

• Via the digestive system

• By coughing them up

• Using alveolar macrophages

What is the blood-gas barrier composed of?

• Pneumocytes and mucus

• Capillary walls and surfactant

• Pneumocytes, basement membrane, and capillary walls

• Club cells and endothelial cells

What is the main outcome of the gas exchange process in the lungs?

• Nitrogen is filtered out

• Oxygen diffuses into the blood

• Oxygen is expelled from the body

• Carbon dioxide is absorbed into the blood