Ottoman Empire in the 19th and Early 20th Century

The video explores the decline of the Ottoman Empire from the 19th to the early 20th century. It discusses the internal and external challenges faced by the empire, including frequent wars, economic struggles, and political instability. The Tanzimat reforms aimed to modernize the empire but faced resistance. The rise of the Young Turks brought constitutional changes, but the empire's decline continued, leading to its involvement in World War I and eventual dissolution in 1918.

What were the main causes of the Ottoman Empire's crisis in the early 19th century?

• Both B and C

• Industrial revolution in Europe

• Frequent Balkan uprisings

• Continuous wars with Russia

Which Sultan initiated the Tanzimat reforms?

• Sultan Abdul Hamid II

• Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent

• Sultan Mehmed V

• Sultan Mahmud II

What was one of the main goals of the Tanzimat reforms?

• To reduce the influence of European powers

• To increase military service duration

• To expand the empire's territory

• To ensure security and property rights for all citizens

What significant change was declared in the 1856 manifesto during the Tanzimat period?

• Formation of a new parliament

• Introduction of a new currency

• Equality of all citizens before the law

• Abolition of the Janissary corps

What was a negative consequence of the Tanzimat reforms?

• Loss of territories in Europe

• Increased taxes on peasants

• Decline in trade with Asia

• Decrease in agricultural productivity

Who led the Young Ottomans movement?

• Namık Kemal

• Sultan Mahmud II

• Sultan Abdul Hamid II

• Mehmed V

What was one of the achievements of the Young Ottomans?

• Formation of a new trade route

• Establishment of a new military corps

• Adoption of a new constitution

• Expansion of the empire's territory

What was a major factor in the Ottoman Empire's financial instability in the late 19th century?

• All of the above

• High military expenses

• Dependence on foreign loans

• Decline in agricultural productivity

Which European powers became the main creditors of the Ottoman Empire after its financial bankruptcy?

• England, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

• Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden

• Russia, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania

• Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland

When did the Ottoman Empire officially cease to exist?

• 1923

• 1939

• 1918

• 1914