Origins of Continents and Continental Crust

Who discovered the concept of plate tectonics?

• Alfred Wegener

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Charles Darwin

What is the South Sandwich Trench?

• A mountain range

• A subduction zone

• A transform fault

• A mid-ocean ridge

What type of crust is involved in the formation of volcanic island arcs?

• Continental crust

• Neither

• Oceanic crust

• Both continental and oceanic crust

Which island is part of the South Sandwich Islands and has an active volcano?

• Greenland

• Iceland

• Montague Island

• Hawaii

What geological feature is formed by subduction-related volcanism on the side of a continent?

• Transform fault

• Mid-ocean ridge

• Mountain arc

• Island arc

What is a partial melt?

• Melting of ice

• Melting of a single mineral

• Melting of only some minerals in a rock

• Complete melting of a rock

Which elements are typically found in the first melt during partial melting?

• Magnesium and iron

• Aluminium and oxygen

• Potassium and sodium

• Calcium and silicon

What type of rock is formed from the partial melt of basalt?

• Sandstone

• Granite

• Diorite

• Limestone

How did the earliest continents form?

• From the cooling of magma

• From volcanic eruptions

• From the subduction of oceanic crust under other oceanic crust

• From meteorite impacts

What is the primary composition of granite?

• Limestone, dolomite, and calcite

• Sand, clay, and silt

• Basalt, olivine, and pyroxene

• Quartz, feldspar, and mica