Unit 5 Test: Thermal Energy

Which of the following explains how someone could increase the average kinetic energy of particles within a glass of water?

• Increase the amount of water in the glass, because increasing the amount of a substance increases the kinetic energy of the particles.

• Add ice into the water, because when a solid and a liquid mix, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

• Decrease the amount of water in the glass, because decreasing the amount of a substance concentrates the kinetic energy.

• Heat the water in a microwave, because as temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

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What would you expect to happen to the gas inside a sealed container when the temperature drops, and why?

• The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

• The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

• The particles would move faster because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

• The particles would move more slowly because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Peter is investigating how thermal energy is transferred when he takes food out of the refrigerator. Which statement describes how he could collect data to explain this and what the expected result would be?

• Measure how long it takes the food to reach the same temperature as the interior of the refrigerator. The food will likely gain thermal energy from the cold refrigerator and decrease in temperature until it is the same temperature as the refrigerator.

• Measure the temperature of the refrigerator and the air, and time how long the food is out of the refrigerator for. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is a little warmer than the air.

• After taking the food out of the refrigerator, measure the temperature of the food at even time intervals. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

• Measure the temperature in the food when it is taken out of the refrigerator at various time intervals. The cold food will likely lose thermal energy to the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

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A lightbulb causing a lampshade to get hot is an example of ​ (a)   . The ocean transferring thermal energy from place to place is an example of ​ (b)   . Getting out of bed and leaving the spot where you were lying warm is an example of ​ (c)   . Which terms, in order of appearance, best complete the sentences?

• radiation
• convection
• conduction

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Arthur is investigating how energy is transferred when his bowl of soup cools down. He measures the temperature of the soup near the surface and also at the bottom of the bowl, as shown in the image. Over the course of the 5 minutes, the soup near the ​ (a)   lost more thermal energy. The particles of soup near the surface have ​ (b)   kinetic energy than the particles near the bottom. If thermal energy transfers from the bottom of the soup towards the surface, it is transferred through the process of ​ (c)   . Which terms best complete the paragraph?

• bottom
• more
• conduction
• surface
• less
• convection

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Amari wanted to see how the temperature of her coffee is affected by the cool air in her car when she uses different types of mugs. To investigate this, she filled a coffee mug and a thermos with some hot coffee and left it in her car while at school. When she checked them after school, she realized both coffees had ​ (a)   thermal energy. She concluded that the material the mugs were made of allowed energy to be transferred through them through ​ (b)   .

• gained
• convection
• lost
• conduction
• radiation

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Vaseal wonders if an ice cube will melt faster in water or in air. He experiments with a setup like the image. He timed how long it took each ice cube to melt and the water to reach room temperature, and found that the ice in the ​ (a)   melted the fastest. This is because there are ​ (b)   molecules that transfer thermal energy into the ice through ​ (c)   .

• less
• air
• convection
• water
• more
• conduction

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Heat can be transferred by the sun, from an iron to clothes, and from steam from a hot drink heating the air. Which terms describe the types of heat transfer shown in images?

a

b

c

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Which substance absorbed the most thermal energy from the water over the course of the experiment?

• Rock

• Copper metal

• Plastic

• Both the rock and plastic

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which statement best describes how the data can be used as evidence to determine which substance absorbed the most thermal energy from the water?

• The substance that reached thermal equilibrium with the water absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

• The substance that caused the temperature of the water to decrease the most absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

• The substance that had the most gradual decrease in temperature absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

• The substance that caused the temperature of the water to change the least absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

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