PEH 311ED-MIDTERM

The pattern of physical development where growth and motor control progress from the head downward is called?

• Cephalocaudal developmen

• Proximodistal development

• Specialized Movement

• Fundamental Movement

Which category of movement skills involves large muscle groups and is needed for whole-body movement?

• Non-locomotor Skills

• Manipulative Skills

• Fine Motor Skills

• Gross Motor Skills

Bending, twisting, stretching, and balancing are examples of which type of movement skill?

• Manipulative Skills

• Locomotor Skills

• Gross Motor Skills

• Non-locomotor Skills (Stability Skills)

Which movement phase develops during early childhood (ages 2-7) and includes basic locomotor, manipulative, and stability skills?

• Specialized Movement Phase

• Mature Stage

• Fundamental Movement Phase

• Initial Stage

Which stage in the Fundamental Movement Phase is characterized by movements becoming more controlled and consistent, with improving balance and coordination (typically 4-5 years old)?

• Elementary Stage

• Initial Stage

• Mature Stage

• • Specialized Stage

A kindergarten teacher (ages 5-6) wants to introduce an activity that focuses on the Elementary Stage of the Fundamental Movement Phase. Which activity is the most appropriate, given the typical development at this stage?

• Teaching a child to jump with both feet together and begin to throw a beanbag with one arm

• Practicing complex dance choreography

• Encouraging a toddler to take their first wobbly steps

• Asking a child to run with uncoordinated, short steps and poor balance

If a child has successfully mastered control of their arms and hands, but still struggles with fine-motor tasks like picking up small objects, which two patterns of physical development explain this transitional state most accurately?

• Proximodistal development is complete, but Cephalocaudal development is ongoing.

• The transition from large muscle group control to small muscle group control is occurring.

• The child is in the Initial Stage of the Fundamental Movement Phase.

• The foundation for learning is not yet established.

A parent is attempting to teach a 3-year-old to hold a crayon correctly (Fine Motor Skill). Given the typical progression of the Proximodistal Development pattern, why is this likely more challenging than learning to use the whole arm to push a toy car?

• Proximodistal development suggests control of the head and neck precedes control of the hands.

• Fine motor skills are mastered before gross motor skills.

• Control develops from the center of the body outward, meaning arm control precedes finger control.

• The child is likely prioritizing locomotor skills over manipulative skills

Which example least supports the Cephalocaudal Development pattern?

• A 4-month-old infant holds their head steady.

• An infant uses their whole hand to grasp an object before mastering a finger grip.

• A baby learns to sit up before they are able to crawl.

• An infant can move their neck before they can control their legs for walking.

A child in the Elementary Stage (4-5 years) can throw a ball with one arm , but a child in the Mature Stage (6-7 years) can adapt that movement to dribble a basketball while moving. What is the essential difference between these two stages?

• The shift from Gross Motor to Fine Motor skills.

• The introduction of the Proximodistal development pattern.

• The skill moves from simple controlled action to efficient, coordinated action adaptable to different situations

• The child fully transitions into the Specialized Movement Phase.