P2 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHILOSOPHY

Which thinker emphasized Innate Social Consciousness, noting that humans are constantly aware of others and shaped by relationships?

• Aristotle

• Confucius

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

Aristotle’s term zoon politikon refers to humans as what?

• Naturally economic beings

• Naturally artistic beings

• Naturally political beings

• Naturally isolated individuals

According to Aristotle, which capacity (logos) distinguishes humans and enables discussion of justice and the common good?

• Physical strength

• Reasoned speech

• Instinctual behavior

• Divine revelation

Which statement best captures the Necessity of the Polis in Aristotle’s view?

• Humans reach full potential only in solitude

• Full human realization occurs within a community

• Society prevents any moral development

• The polis is optional and unrelated to eudaimonia

In Thomas Hobbes’s state of nature, life is described as “poor, solitary, nasty, brutish, and short.” What is the primary reason individuals enter a social contract in his view?

• To promote artistic expression

• To surrender absolute freedom to maintain order

• To abolish all forms of government

• To establish voluntary associations without rules

Jean-Jacques Rousseau argues that problems emerged with property and population. What result follows from the contract in his theory?

• Creation of a powerful sovereign to enforce order

• Individuals submit to the General Will; society arises from voluntary agreement

• Government exists only to protect property rights

• Life remains peaceful and harmonious without any authority

According to John Locke, the state of nature is peaceful and guided by natural law. What is the main role of government resulting from the contract?

• To create a Leviathan with absolute power

• To protect individual rights and enforce natural law

• To suppress liberty for the sake of order

• To eliminate private property

Which feature most clearly distinguishes industrial societies from pre-industrial societies?

• Nomadic living and use of simple tools

• Domestication of plants and animals

• Mechanization using new energy sources such as the steam engine

• Reliance on small groups and fire

In horticultural and pastoral societies, which development is noted as emerging alongside domestication?

• Public education

• Urbanization

• Accumulation of property leading to inequality

• Information management as a key sector

A society where computers, education, and technology are key sectors is best categorized as:

• Hunting and gathering

• Horticultural and pastoral

• Industrial

• Post-industrial