Assessment: Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory

A teacher helps a student read by sounding out words together until the student can do it alone.

• Modeling

• Scaffolding

• Observation

• Memorization

A child learns to cook by watching and assisting their parents at home.

• Conditioning

• Social Interaction

• Reinforcement

• Discovery Learning

Students work together to solve a puzzle. They discuss ideas and correct each other.

• Independent Learning

• Peer Learning

• Punishment and Reward

• Silent Reading

A 4-year-old talks to herself while building blocks. She says, “This one goes here!”

• Egocentric Speech

• Nonverbal Communication

• Private Speech

• Emotional Expression

A child can solve basic math problems but struggles with harder ones unless guided.

• Concept Formation

• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

• Social Modeling

• Conditioning

A teacher gives simpler examples first, then slowly increases the difficulty as students improve.

• Standardized Leaning

• Scaffolding

• Trial and Error

• Behavior Modification

A student explains the lesson in Filipino to a classmate who doesn’t understand English.

• Cognitive Dissonance

• Code-switching

• Culture and language and influence learning

• Independent Learning

When students compare their answers and discuss which is correct, they form a new understanding together.

• Dialectical Exchange

• Reinforcing

• Observation

• Memorization

A teacher connects a lesson about measurements to cooking recipes familiar to students.

• Culturally relevant learning

• Reinforcing

• Observation

• Memorization

A teacher noticed that one student learns beat through talking and group work. She encouraged more peer discussions.

• Behaviorist Approach

• Observer

• Socio-cultural Approach

• Operant Conditioning