KROK 1 Pharmacology Test

Which of the following adverse effects is a common reason for discontinuing Metformin therapy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

• Thyroid dysfunction.

• Severe hypoglycemia.

• Gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhea, nausea).

• Peripheral edema and weight gain.

• Persistent dry cough.

A patient on Warfarin therapy develops a significantly elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) and presents with bleeding. Which agent is the most appropriate initial antidote to rapidly reverse the anticoagulant effect?

• Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) or Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC).

• Protamine sulfate.

• Aspirin.

• Desmopressin.

• Vitamin K (Phytonadione).

A patient who began taking the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Fluoxetine is also prescribed a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) for a different condition. This combination is absolutely contraindicated due to the high risk of which life-threatening syndrome?

• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).

• Hepatic encephalopathy.

• Serotonin Syndrome.

• Hypertensive crisis.

• Agranulocytosis.

Which antipsychotic drug carries a significant risk of agranulocytosis and requires mandatory weekly to biweekly Complete Blood Count (CBC) monitoring?

• Quetiapine.

• Risperidone.

• Olanzapine.

• Clozapine.

• Haloperidol.

A patient with urolithiasis has unbearable spasmodic pain. To prevent pain shock,

he has been given an injection of atropine along with a narcotic analgesic having

antispasmodic effect. What drug was it?

• Morphine hydrochloride

• Tramadol

• Nalorphine

• Ethylmorphine hydrochloride

• Promedol

Despite the administration of cardiotonics and a thiazide diuretic a patient with

chronic heart failure has persistent edemata, there is a risk of ascites. What

medication should be administered in order to enhance the diuretic effect of the drugs

used?

• Clopamide

• Furosemide

• Amiloride

• Spironolactone

• Manithol

A 60-year-old male patient has a 9-year history of diabetes and takes insulin Semi-

lente for the correction of hyperglycemia. 10 days ago he began taking anaprilin for

hypertension. One hour after administration of the antihypertensive drug the patient

developed hypoglycemic coma. What is the mechanism of hypoglycemia in case of

anaprilin use?

• Reduction of glucagon half-life

• Inhibition of glycogenolysis

• Increase of insulin Semilente half-life

• Increase of bioavailability of insulin Semilente

• Decrease in glucose absorption

A patient has been administered an anti-inflammatory drug that blocks the action

of cyclooxygenase. Specify this anti-inflammatory agent:

• Creatine

• Analgene

• Allopurinol

• Thiamin

• Aspirin

A pneumonia patient has been administered acetylcysteine as a part of complex

therapy. What principle of therapy was taken into consideration when applying this

drug?

• Etiotropic

• Symptomatic

• Pathogenetic

• Antimicrobial

• Immunomodulatory

A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad

spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:

• Ambroxol

• Interferon

• BCG vaccine

• Doxycycline

• Dexamethasone