What was the most significant effect of overseas expansion on the European economy during the period 1450 to 1700?

• Decline in trade routes through the Mediterranean

• Increased wealth and the rise of mercantilism

• Reduction in agricultural production

• Decrease in European population due to migration

How did constitutionalism and absolutism shape political and social developments in Europe during the seventeenth century?

• By promoting complete equality among all social classes

• By centralizing power in monarchies and limiting parliamentary influence

• By encouraging the separation of church and state

• By reducing the influence of European monarchs entirely

What were the two contrasting political systems that emerged in Europe during the seventeenth century?

• Absolutism and constitutionalism

• Democracy and monarchy

• Feudalism and capitalism

• Socialism and communism

Which monarch is associated with absolutism in France during the seventeenth century?

• Louis XIV

• Peter the Great

• Charles I

• William of Orange

Which ruler is associated with centralizing authority and subordinating nobles in Russia during the seventeenth century?

• Peter the Great

• Louis XIV

• Charles II

• Frederick the Great

What was the primary difference between absolutism and constitutionalism in terms of their impact on political society?

• Absolutism centralized royal authority, while constitutionalism limited monarchy and expanded representative bodies.

• Absolutism expanded representative bodies, while constitutionalism centralized royal authority.

• Absolutism and constitutionalism both limited the role of the monarchy equally.

• Absolutism and constitutionalism both expanded the role of representative bodies equally.

Which historical events are associated with reshaping political society by limiting monarchy and expanding representative bodies?

• The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

• The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution

• The American Revolution and the War of 1812

• The Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment

What was King James I's belief about the Divine Right of Kings?

• Kings derive their authority from the House of Commons

• Kings are chosen by the people

• Kings derive their authority directly from God

• Kings are subordinate to the Anglican Church

What was the main purpose of the Petition of Right in 1628?

• To allow Charles I to dissolve Parliament

• To ensure no one could be taxed without Parliamentary action

• To establish the Anglican Church as the state religion

• To grant Charles I absolute power over the military

What was the reaction of the Scots to the imposition of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer in 1639?

• They accepted it without resistance

• They formed an army and occupied northern England

• They dissolved their Presbyterian Church

• They allied with Charles I against Parliament