Latihan Chapter 4 - For Test 3

According to the technical definition, an organization is best described as:

• A collection of rights, privileges, and obligations

• A formal social structure that processes resources to produce outputs

• A nexus of contracts among self-interested individuals

• A group focused solely on maximizing employee satisfaction

The behavioral definition of an organization emphasizes:

• The transformation of capital and labor into outputs

• The infinite malleability of production factors

• Group relationships, rights, privileges, and responsibilities

• A unified, profit-maximizing entity

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of organizations as listed in the slides?

• Clear division of labor

• Maximum organizational efficiency

Precise rules, procedures, and practices developed to cope with expected situations are called:

• Business Processes

• Organizational Cultures

• Routines

• Strategic Transitions

Political resistance in organizations often arises from:

• Identical viewpoints among all employees

• Divergent viewpoints about resource distribution

• A lack of clear hierarchy

• An overabundance of resources

Organizational culture is a powerful restraint on change because it encompasses:

• The latest technological trends

• Basic assumptions about what products to produce and for whom

• The specific IT infrastructure of the company

• Government regulations and compliance

The relationship between organizations and their environments is best described as:

• One-sided, with the environment dictating all terms

• Non-existent

• Reciprocal, with organizations both dependent on and able to influence their environment

• Solely based on internal politics

Information systems can help managers identify external changes through:

• Organizational flattening

• Environmental scanning

• Strategic transitions

• Agency cost reduction

From an economic perspective, Information Systems Technology is considered a:

• Necessary evil

• Factor of production, like capital and labor

• Purely intangible benefit

• Source of constant conflict

Transaction Cost Theory suggests that IT helps firms: