Chapter 1 Review (2.0)

________ are personal judgments based on beliefs rather than facts.

• Predictions

• Biases

• Observations

• Perspectives

Talking, facial expressions, and movements are aspects of:

• mental processes.

• biopsychology.

• humanism.

• behavior.

Within the field of psychology, mental processes refer to:

• behavior displayed by humans.

• outward reactions and responses.

• internal or hidden activity of people's minds.

• overt or automatic actions.

Description involves ________ a person's behavior and noting everything about it.

• predicting

• observing

• controlling

• changing

The statement "Many beginning psychology students fear research methods" is an example of _____________ behavior, whereas the statement "The fear of research methods is caused by vicious gossip" is an example of ______________ behavior.

• describing; explaining

• predicting; explaining

• explaining; describing

• explaining; predicting

Which example provides an accurate representation of mental processes, as applied to the definition of psychology?

• Uma paints an abstract picture while listening to music.

• Montell asks his teacher a question about a psychological concept.

• Padma feels depressed after receiving a poor grade on her homework.

• Tyler reads a book with his little sister.

Dr. Esposito notes that students who read both the text and visual aid presentations tend to perform better on exams than students who read only the text. Dr. Esposito's observation best depicts which goal of psychology?

• A. prediction

• B. explanation

• C. description

• D. control

Xiao Ling is studying the effects of exercise on concentration. He hypothesizes that aerobic exercise will improve a person's ability to concentrate on various tasks. Xiao Ling is most interested in which goal of psychology?

• A. prediction

• B. description

• C. explanation

• D. control

The process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is known as:

• objective introspection.

• a near-death experience.

• dualism.

• an out-of-body experience.

_______ is known as the "founder of psychology."

• William James

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

• Edward Titchener