Plant Biology: Comprehensive Review Quiz (80 Questions)

What role does abscisic acid play in plant responses to drought stress?

• It triggers leaf abscission to reduce water loss.

• It coordinates the closure of stomata and regulates aquaporin activity to optimize water usage.

• It promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll to maximize photosynthesis during water scarcity.

• It inhibits root growth to conserve energy and water resources.

What is the role of R genes in a plant's defense against pathogen attack?

• They encode enzymes that degrade herbivore digestive systems.

• They provide the genetic code for synthesizing structural barriers.

• They trigger a defense response that can recognize and counteract a wide variety of pathogens.

• They produce hormones that regulate growth and immune responses.

In the context of plant defense, how do Avr genes from pathogens influence the plant-pathogen interaction?

• They enhance the pathogen's ability to camouflage itself from the host plant’s defenses.

• They are directly involved in the synthesis of structural defenses in plants.

• They encode elicitors that promote virulence by enhancing pathogen infection capabilities.

• They help the plant to synthesize defensive chemicals that are toxic to pathogens.

Which of the following is a structural defense against herbivory?

• The production of jasmonate hormone to attract predators.

• The presence of sharp thorns or spines on the stem.

• The rapid closure of stomata to prevent water loss.

• The synthesis of phytoalexins after infection.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What type of chemical defense involves the release of volatile compounds to attract the natural enemies of a herbivore?

• Indirect defense.

• Constitutive defense.

• Primary defense.

• Passive defense.

How does the production of secondary metabolites like nicotine function as a defense mechanism for the plant?

• They enhance the palatability of the plant to herbivores.

• They promote rapid healing of wounded tissue.

• They convert toxic substances in the soil into harmless forms.

• They are toxic to herbivores or disrupt their digestive and nervous systems.

What is the primary difference in timing between a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plant immunity?

• HR is a long-term, widespread defense, whereas SAR is a rapid, localized response.

• HR is a non-specific response, whereas SAR is highly targeted to a specific pathogen.

• Both HR and SAR are immediate responses, but HR is chemical-based while SAR is structural.

• HR is a rapid, localized response, whereas SAR is a slower, widespread resistance that develops over time.

Which statement best describes the function of the sepal in an angiosperm flower?

• To protect the flower bud before it opens.

• To produce pollen for fertilization.

Which statement best describes the sequence of events from pollen development to fertilization in flowering plants?

• Pollen is formed via mitosis, travels to the ovary, and fuses with the egg.

• Spores develop in the anther and are immediately fertilized by sperm from the ovule.

• Pollen develops from microspore mother cells through meiosis, germinates on the stigma, and a pollen tube delivers sperm to the ovule.

• An egg cell is formed in the anther, travels to the stigma, and is fertilized by a sperm cell from the ovary.

Double fertilization in angiosperms is unique because it produces:

• Two diploid zygotes, one for the embryo and one for the seed coat.

• One haploid egg cell and one diploid sperm cell.

• A diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

• A haploid embryo and a diploid seed.