WH: 1st 9weeks Assessment (2025-2026)

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?

• People are naturally reasonable.
• People are naturally selfish and violent.
• Governments create unequal societies.
• Government should be separate from religion.

The social contract theory states that

• governments should always be allowed to encourage the spread of Protestantism.
• farmers are required to give up some rights in exchange for government provided funding.
• peasants should raise up against the wealthy to gain equal status within society.
• citizens give up some liberties to government in exchange for protection of their self-intere

An important philosophical idea during the Enlightenment was that

• the ordinary and wealthy should give all of their money to the working poor.
• monarchs should be granted a “divine right” to rule over their people.
• the Catholic Church should exercise absolute rule over Europe.
• ordinary people should be able to pursue greater opportunities.

In an era of bad harvests, famine, and rioting, the French government took steps to improve the worsening financial crisis. What did the government do?

• The government called for genuine political reform.
• The government raised taxes.
• The government reduced the Third Estate’s tax burden.
• The government forced all estates to pay the same taxes.

How did Rousseau differ from Voltaire?

• Rousseau argued against inequality among the classes, while Voltaire argued for freedom of speech and religion.
• Rousseau was a French monarch in the 1600s, while Voltaire was a French philosopher in the 1700s.
• Rousseau argued for freedom of speech and religion, while Voltaire argued against inequality among the classes.
• Rousseau was a French philosopher in the 1700s, while Voltaire was a French monarch in the 1600s.

On July 14, 1789, French citizens unhappy with the failed government reforms stormed the Bastille, a medieval fortress prison. What has this event come to represent in French history?

• reform
• equality
• justice
• liberation

One of Baron de Montesquieu’s key ideas was

• separating church and state.
• establishing natural rights.
• creating checks and balances.
• establishing equality within society.

Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?

• astronomy, mathematics, physics
• classicism, humanism, individualism
• rights and responsibilities, politics, reason
• spirituality, religion, chivalry

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of John Locke?

• People are naturally selfish and violent.
• Governments create unequal societies.
• People are naturally reasonable.
• Government should be separate from religion.

A difference between the ideas of Hobbes and Locke was that

• Hobbes believed government should not take away certain natural rights, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
• Hobbes believed people have the right to rebel, while Locke believed life without government was difficult.
• Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
• Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed safety was more important than freedom.