Endocrine System Quiz

The primary function of mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, is to regulate the concentration of which ions?

• Calcium and phosphate

• Glucose and glycogen

• Sodium and potassium

• Hydrogen and bicarbonate

Glucocorticoids like cortisol are produced in which specific layer of the adrenal cortex?

• Zona reticularis

• Adrenal medulla

• Zona glomerulosa

• Zona fasciculata

A patient with diabetes insipidus would exhibit which of the following primary symptoms due to a lack of ADH?

• Chronic hypoglycemia

• Excessive thirst and urination

• High blood pressure

• A perpetually slow metabolic rate

Non-steroid hormones, such as peptides and proteins, typically exert their effects on target cells by:

• Diffusing through the cell membrane to bind with DNA

• Directly altering the genetic code of the cell

• Binding to surface receptors and activating second messengers like cAMP

• Being transported directly to the nucleus by carrier proteins

Myxedema is a condition characterized by a low metabolic rate, swelling, and lethargy. It is caused by the severe deficiency of which hormone(s) in adulthood?

• Parathyroid hormone

• Growth hormone

• Glucocorticoids

• Thyroid hormones (T3/T4)

Graves' disease is a form of hyperthyroidism. A common and distinctive sign of this specific autoimmune condition is:

• Exophthalmos (protruding eyes)

• Low body temperature

• Weight gain

• A decreased heart rate

The release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is triggered by which of the following?

• High blood glucose levels

• Stimulation from the anterior pituitary

• Low blood calcium levels

• Sympathetic nervous system activation

What is the overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the body?

• It decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoblasts.

• It increases the body's metabolic rate.

• It lowers blood glucose levels.

• It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts.

The adrenal medulla produces a class of hormones called catecholamines. Which of the following is a primary catecholamine?

• Cortisol

• Norepinephrine

• Aldosterone

• Androgens

In addition to its role in metabolism, cortisol is well-known for what other major effect?

• Promoting milk production

• Increasing bone density

• Suppressing the immune system and inflammatory responses

• Stimulating the reproductive organs