Chapter 65 Principles

Patients with ALS typically present with:

• Hyporeflexia and flaccidity

• Progressive weakness only

• Progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, hyperactive reflexes, spasticity

• Increased dopamine

Bulbar muscle involvement in ALS and myasthenia gravis leads to:

• Dysarthria only

• Dysphagia, difficulty speaking, aspiration risk

• Cognitive impairment

• Vision loss

A hallmark symptom of cervical disk herniation is:

• Dysphagia

• Memory loss

• Pain, paresthesias, and stiffness

• Tremors

Following cervical discectomy, the neck should be kept:

• Hyperextended

• Rotated frequently

• In a neutral position

• Flexed forward

Conditions increasing ICP may impair:

• Heart rhythm

• Respirations

• Urinary function

• Appetite

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Classic signs of increased ICP include all EXCEPT:

• Restlessness and headache

• Nausea and vomiting

• Papilledema

• Hypertension and bradycardia as first sign

Which medication decreases brain fluid by osmotic diuresis?

• Mannitol

• Furosemide

• Aspirin

• Atropine

Corticosteroids inhibit inflammation but may cause:

• Hypoglycemia and hyponatremia

• Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia

• Hypotension and weight loss

• Seizures

Long-term corticosteroid therapy may result in:

• Hypotension

• Weight gain, sodium retention, hypertension

• Bradycardia

• Hypokalemia only

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

NMS is characterized by:

• Tachycardia, diarrhea, confusion

• High fever, rigidity, stupor

• Hyperreflexia and seizures

• Hypertension only