Topic 2: Solids, Liquids and Gases

boiling

• vaporization that occurs throughout the entire liquid.

• vaporization that occurs only at the surface of the liquid.

• a process that cools the liquid down.

• a method of heating a solid to a liquid state.

evaporation

• The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas that occurs on the surface.

• The process of a gas turning into a liquid.

• The transition of a solid directly to a gas without becoming liquid first.

• The mixing of two liquids to form a solution.

scale

• A graduated range of values used to measure or grade something.

• A tool used for cutting materials.

• A type of musical notation.

• A method for weighing objects.

condensation

• The change of state from a solid to a liquid.

• The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

• The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

• The change of state from a gas to a solid.

Celsius scale

• A temperature scale where water freezes at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C under standard conditions.

• A temperature scale that measures temperature in Fahrenheit.

• A temperature scale used only in scientific laboratories.

• A temperature scale where water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F.

thermal energy

• The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object.

• The energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.

• The energy associated with the motion of an object.

• The energy required to change the temperature of a substance.

kinetic energy

• the energy an object has because of its motion.

• the energy stored in an object due to its position.

• the energy released during a chemical reaction.

• the energy associated with the temperature of an object.

Kelvin scale

• A temperature scale where 0 K is absolute zero and each unit is the same size as a degree Celsius.

• A scale used to measure the brightness of stars.

• A scale that measures the pressure of gases.

• A temperature scale that only uses negative values.

sublimation

• A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid.

• A process where a gas turns into a liquid.

• A transformation from a liquid to a solid state.

• A chemical reaction that produces heat.

solid

• a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume because its particles are packed closely together and vibrate in place.

• a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume, with particles that are loosely packed and can move freely.

• a state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, with particles that are far apart and move rapidly.

• a state of matter that has a definite shape but no definite volume, with particles that are tightly packed and can slide past one another.