Unit 1: Foundations of US Government Practice Exam

What does Thomas Hobbes argue about the state of nature?

• He suggests it results in a state of natural justice and equality.

• He believes it leads to a condition of war, where life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

• He argues it creates a society of cooperation and harmony.

• He believes it leads to peace and prosperity, where life is abundant and fulfilling.

How does government affect people's lives?

• It controls artistic expression.

• It determines individual career choices.

• It dictates personal relationships.

• It influences aspects such as education, tax spending, and daily activities.

What was the purpose of the Continental Congress?

• To negotiate trade agreements with foreign powers.

• To draft a constitution for the British colonies.

• To serve as the government of the 13 American colonies and later the United States, reacting to British measures.

• To establish a military alliance with Britain.

What is one primary purpose of government?

• To promote economic growth and trade.

• To expand territorial boundaries.

• To enforce international treaties.

• To provide for the safety and well-being of its citizens.

What is Anarchy?

• A state where government is highly centralized and controls all aspects of life.

• A society with a strong military presence and strict regulations.

• A state where no one rules, and people believe they should freely associate without any form of government.

• A system where laws are enforced by a single ruling party.

What characterizes a Constitutional Monarchy?

• The ruler is elected by the people and serves a fixed term.

• The ruler acts in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution, with power usually passed down through generations of the same family.

• The ruler's authority is determined by military strength and control.

• The ruler has unlimited power without any legal constraints.

What are some common benefits provided by governments?

• Education, health care, and infrastructure for transportation.

• Military defense, agricultural support, and religious institutions.

• Cultural programs, sports facilities, and private business incentives.

• Financial investments, corporate subsidies, and trade agreements.

What does the term 'social contract theory' refer to?

• The concept that individuals are forced into government.

• The idea that individuals consent to form a government that will provide order and protect their rights.

• The belief that government is unnecessary for social order.

• The idea that government is formed by divine right.

What political theory did Montesquieu advocate?

• The separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent despotism.

• The delegation of all powers to a hereditary monarchy.

• The concentration of power in a single executive branch.

• The unification of legislative and executive powers under one authority.

What is a key characteristic of a representative democracy?

• Decisions are made by hereditary leaders.

• Citizens vote directly on every issue.

• Laws are enacted through public referendums only.

• Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.