Earth & Environmental Science – Strand 1 Review

Which of the following correctly connects nuclear fusion in the Sun to conditions on Earth?

• Fusion of helium into hydrogen produces high-energy gamma rays that cause auroras

• Fusion of hydrogen into helium releases energy that powers photosynthesis and drives climate systems

• Fusion converts gravitational energy directly into kinetic energy of solar wind particles

• Fusion reactions in the Sun’s core occur at the same temperature and pressure as Earth’s interior

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Which process powers the Sun’s energy?

• Nuclear fission

• Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

• Combustion of hydrogen

• Radioactive decay

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Earth’s relatively stable climate compared to Mars is primarily due to:

• Earth’s higher eccentricity, which reduces seasonal extremes

• A stronger greenhouse effect and thicker atmosphere

• Earth’s shorter orbital period, allowing more efficient heat distribution

• The absence of large-scale orbital resonances with other planets

According to Kepler’s 3rd Law, planets farther from the Sun:

• Travel faster

• Take longer to orbit

• Have shorter years

• Experience more seasons

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Which form of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun reaches Earth’s surface most efficiently?

• X-rays

• Gamma rays

• Visible light

• Ultraviolet radiation

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Which statement best describes the difference between terrestrial and Jovian planets?

• Terrestrial planets are larger and gaseous

• Jovian planets are rocky with few moons

• Terrestrial planets are dense with solid surfaces

• Jovian planets orbit inside the asteroid belt

Which of the following processes represents a direct interaction of solar radiation with Earth systems that supports life?

• Solar wind particles colliding with the magnetosphere, producing auroras

• Infrared radiation from the surface being absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

• Visible light energy being captured by chlorophyll during photosynthesis

• UV radiation causing chemical weathering of exposed rock

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Which process caused the early solar nebula to flatten into a disk?

• Nuclear fusion

• Angular momentum from rotation

• Collisions with asteroids

• Solar radiation pressure

Kepler’s 2nd Law states that a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. What is the best consequence of this law for Earth?

• Earth moves faster in January than in July

• Earth’s orbit shortens over time

• Earth’s tilt causes unequal heating between hemispheres

• Earth is closer to the Sun during summer in the Northern Hemisphere

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Which factor has the GREATEST influence on Earth’s seasonal changes?

• Distance from the Sun

• Length of Earth’s orbit

• Tilt of Earth’s axis

• Shape of Earth’s orbit

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