Study Guide for Unit 1 – Law & Justice: Terms to Know

Define Constitution.

• A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

• A constitution is a type of government building.

• A constitution is a collection of historical artifacts.

• A constitution is a national holiday celebrated annually.

Define Criminal Law.

• Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime and the punishment of those who violate laws.

• Criminal law is the set of rules governing business transactions and contracts.

• Criminal law is the branch of law that deals with family matters and inheritance.

• Criminal law is the legal framework for resolving civil disputes between individuals.

Define Civil Law.

• Civil law is the body of laws that govern private rights and matters such as contracts, property, and family law.

• Civil law is the set of rules that governs criminal offenses and punishments.

• Civil law is the system of government regulations for public administration.

• Civil law is the collection of religious laws followed by a particular community.

Define Military Law.

• Military law is the legal system that governs the conduct of members of the armed forces.

• Military law is the set of rules for international trade agreements.

• Military law is the code of conduct for civilian government employees.

• Military law is the legal system for regulating commercial businesses.

Define Utilitarian.

• Utilitarian refers to a philosophy that advocates actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority.

• Utilitarian refers to a style of art that focuses on abstract forms and colors.

• Utilitarian is a term used to describe a government system based on monarchy.

• Utilitarian refers to a philosophy that emphasizes strict adherence to religious rituals.

Define Retributive justice.

• Retributive justice is a system of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than on rehabilitation.

• Retributive justice is a system focused on compensating victims for their losses.

• Retributive justice emphasizes the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders into society.

• Retributive justice is a process where disputes are resolved through mutual agreement between parties.

Define Restorative justice.

• Restorative justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community.

• Restorative justice is a system that emphasizes punishment over rehabilitation.

• Restorative justice is a legal process that excludes victims from participation.

• Restorative justice is a method of increasing prison sentences for offenders.

Law Created by the Judicial Branch is called: _________.

• Case Law

• Statutory Law

• Constitutional Law

• Administrative Law

Place the 5 Philosophies of Punitive Justice below: Match each philosophy to its correct position on the diagram: - Focus on Society: ________ - Focus on Individual: ________ - Wrongdoer is "Bad": ________ - Wrongdoer is "Good": ________ - Center: ________

• Focus on Society: Deterrence Focus on Individual: Rehabilitative Wrongdoer is "Bad": Retributive Wrongdoer is "Good": Restorative Center: Welfare Maximization

• Focus on Society: Restorative Focus on Individual: Retributive Wrongdoer is "Bad": Deterrence Wrongdoer is "Good": Welfare Maximization Center: Rehabilitative

• Focus on Society: Rehabilitative Focus on Individual: Deterrence Wrongdoer is "Bad": Welfare Maximization Wrongdoer is "Good": Retributive Center: Restorative

• Focus on Society: Welfare Maximization Focus on Individual: Restorative Wrongdoer is "Bad": Rehabilitative Wrongdoer is "Good": Deterrence Center: Retributive

Justice can be defined as which of the following?

• A concept involving fairness, with distributive justice focusing on fair allocation of resources and punitive justice on fair punishment for wrongdoing.

• A system where only the majority's needs are considered, ignoring fairness.

• A process that always favors the wealthy and powerful.

• A belief that justice is only about punishment, not distribution of resources.