Ecology A Test Review

Which of the following is the correct order of ecological organization (smallest to largest)?

• Ecosystem → Biome → Population → Community

• Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biome → Biosphere

• Population → Organism → Biome → Community → Ecosystem

• Organism → Ecosystem → Population → Biome → Community

The part of Earth that contains all life is called the:

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

• Biosphere

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Which is an example of an abiotic factor?

• Grass

• Soil nutrients

• Rabbit

• Mushroom

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?

• Flood

• Drought

• Predation

• Wildfire

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Carrying capacity is defined as:

• The average population size in any ecosystem.

• The minimum number of individuals required to avoid extinction.

• The maximum population size that the environment can sustain.

• The number of predators needed to balance prey populations.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which population distribution is most common in nature (like herds of elephants or schools of fish)?

• Uniform

• Random

• Clumped

• Even

In predator–prey relationships, what typically happens to the prey population if the predator population decreases?

• Prey population increases

• Prey population decreases

• Prey population remains stable

• Prey population goes extinct

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

A country with an age structure shaped like a triangle with a wide base will most likely experience:

• Negative growth

• Stable growth

• Rapid growth

• Declining growth

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which stage of the demographic transition model has high birth rates, high death rates, and slow growth?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

A biotic factor is a living component of an ecosystem. Which of the following are examples of biotic factors?

• Plants and animals

• Water and sunlight

• Rocks and soil

• Air and temperature

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NGSS.MS-LS1-4