Ch 1 Psych

To overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs, investigators sometimes use __________ designs, in which they conduct several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

• correlational

• quasi-experimental

• experimental

• sequential

__________ theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development.

• Freud's

• Darwin's

• Watson's

• Erikson's

Ivan Pavlov discovered __________.

• the clinical method

• observational learning

• the ego’s positive contributions to development

• classical conditioning

Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?

• equilibrium

• adaptation

• the critical period

• classical conditioning

In a(n) __________ design, participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older.

• longitudinal

• cross-sectional

• correlational

• experimental

According to Jean Piaget, __________ is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds.

• cognition

• adaptation

• imitation

• equilibrium

Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.

• applied

• theoretical

• interdisciplinary

• empirical

Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty’s ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.

• multidimensional development

• resilience

• age-graded development

• assimilation

According to __________ theory, children learn primarily through modeling.

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

• social learning

• reinforcement

__________ influences are irregular and do not follow a predictable timetable.

• History-graded

• Bio-historical

• Age-graded

• Nonnormative