Chapter 3: Earth's Environmental Systems

Which of the following are the basic units of matter?

• elements
• compounds.

• solutions.

• atoms.

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The particles labeled with a negative sign are called:

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons

• positrons

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Which of Earth's spheres includes all water on Earth?

• the atmosphere

• the biosphere

• the geosphere

• the hydrosphere

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The crust, mantle, asthenosphere, and core are all parts of the:

• geosphere

• atmosphere

• hydrosphere

• biosphere

Landforms include:

• aquifers
• tectonic plates.

• mountains.

• all of these.

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Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called:

• biogeochemical cycles

• nutrients

• energy

• water

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An organism that must get nutrients by eating other organisms is called a:

• producer
• consumer

• decomposer

• nitrifying bacterium

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The phosphorus cycle involves mainly the:

• atmosphere and biosphere

• lithosphere and hydrosphere.

• geosphere and biosphere.

• asthenosphere and hydrosphere.

Eutrophication of a body of water is often caused by:

• carbon and/or proteins.

• lipids and/or hydrocarbons.

• carbon and/or phosphorus.

• phosphorus and/or nitrogen.

Nitrogen fixation can be accomplished naturally by:

• nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

• denitrifying bacteria.

• the Haber-Bosch process.

• burning fossil fuels.

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