American Industrialism Facts and Key Terms

Factors leading to American Industrialism was ________.

• Wealth of natural resources, government support for business, growing urban population (cheap labor), and new markets for products.

• Strict government regulations on business, limited access to resources, and a declining population.

• Isolation from international trade and a focus on agriculture only.

• A lack of technological innovation and resistance to change.

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Who was the first to use a steam engine to drill for oil, making drilling below the Earth's surface for oil reserves economical for the first time?

• Edwin L. Drake

• John D. Rockefeller

• James Watt

• Benjamin Silliman

First attempted to form an industrial union with his American Railway Union.

• Edwin L. Drake

• John D. Rockefeller

• Eugene V. Debs

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A wealthy industrialist who owned Standard Oil Company and would often use trusts to create monopolies

• Edwin L. Drake

• John D. Rockefeller

• Eugene V. Debs

• Vanderbilt

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An entrepreneur in the railroad industry that got his start in the steamboat business

• Edwin L. Drake

• John D. Rockefeller

• Eugene V. Debs

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

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What is the Bessemer Process?

• A technique that removed carbon from iron to produce a lighter, more flexible, rust resistant durable metal called steel.

• A process used to extract gold from ore using mercury.

• A method for refining petroleum into gasoline.

• A technique for producing aluminum from bauxite.

Name two new uses for steel during American Industrialism.

• Railroads barbed wire, farming implements, huge construction projects

• Textile manufacturing and candle making

• Glass blowing and pottery

• Paper production and leather tanning

Trusts: One way to develop a monopoly by turning stock of several companies within a single industry over to a group of ________ who would run the individual companies like one corporation; not technically legal mergers.

• trustees

• shareholders

• executives

• investors

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Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890 act that made it illegal to form trusts, but was not very easy to enforce because ________.

• trusts were not clearly defined and companies under suspicion could easily reorganize

• the government lacked the authority to investigate businesses

• it only applied to foreign companies

• it was immediately repealed after passage

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Conditions for workers in early industries: Very long hours doing hard work in dangerous conditions. Pay was poor and workers received no compensation for ________.

• injuries or death

• extra hours worked

• good performance

• taking breaks

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