Atomic Concepts #2

Ground State Electron Configuration

• When all electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels

• When electrons are in higher energy levels

• When electrons are randomly distributed

• When electrons are in excited states

Bohr Model

• 1. Neutrons and Protons are in the nucleus

• 2. Electrons are located in correct electron shells based on the electron configuration

• 3. Electrons orbit the nucleus in random paths

• 4. Protons and Electrons are found in the nucleus

Positive Ion

• Has more electrons than protons

• Has an equal number of electrons and protons

• Less electrons than protons

• Formed when an atom gains electrons

Spectral Lines

Bright Line Spectrum

• When an electron moves from an excited state back to the ground state, energy is released in the form of light

• All elements have the same bright line spectrum

• Spectral lines are only visible in gases

• Bright line spectra are produced by solid objects

Stable Electron Configuration

• 8 Valence Electrons

• 6 Valence Electrons

• 10 Valence Electrons

• 4 Valence Electrons

Lewis Electron Dot Diagram

• Visualize the number of protons in an atom

• Visualize the number of valence electrons in an atom

• Determine the atomic mass of an element

• Identify the type of chemical bond present

Electron Configuration

• The process of electron transfer between atoms

• How electrons are arranged in shells in an atom

• The energy levels of protons in a nucleus

• The arrangement of neutrons in an atom

Principle Energy Levels

• Electron Shells

• Energy Levels are fixed and cannot change

• PEL refers to the mass of an electron

• PEL is unrelated to electron distance from the nucleus

Quantum

• Electrons absorb a specific amount of energy when entering the excited state

• Electrons can exist in multiple states simultaneously

• Electrons are always in a fixed position around the nucleus

• Electrons emit energy when they move to a lower energy level

2-8-18-32

• 2, 8, 18, 32

• 2, 8, 18, 32, 50

• 2, 8, 18, 32, 64

• 2, 8, 18, 32, 72