Definitions Unit| Neuclic acid and protein Synthesis Quizs

Transcription

• Process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

• Process of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template.

• Process of translating RNA into proteins.

• Process of replicating DNA strands.

Mutation

• A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

• A process of cell division.

• An increase in genetic diversity.

• A type of genetic disorder.

Translation

• Process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

• Conversion of DNA to RNA.

• Replication of DNA strands.

• Degradation of proteins in the cell.

Codon

• A sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for one amino acid.

• A type of protein structure.

• A unit of genetic information that codes for a trait.

• A molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Frame-shift mutation

• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide without affecting the reading frame.

• Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame.

• A mutation that occurs in the promoter region of a gene.

• A type of mutation that only affects non-coding regions of DNA.

Introns

• Segments of coding RNA that are expressed in proteins.

• Non-coding RNA segments removed during mRNA processing.

• Regions of DNA that code for proteins.

• RNA segments that enhance the translation process.

Semi-conservative replication

• Method of DNA replication in which each new molecule contains one original and one new strand.

• A process where DNA strands are completely separated and copied independently.

• A type of replication that results in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

• A mechanism that involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

Exon

• Hold protein codes

• Regulate gene expression

• Serve as a template for RNA

• Inhibit protein synthesis

Purines

• Adenine and guanine, which have a double-ring structure.

• Cytosine and thymine, which have a single-ring structure.

• Uracil and thymine, which are found in RNA.

• Adenine and cytosine, which are both single-ring structures.

Nucleotide

• A molecule made up of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

• A type of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A lipid that forms the cell membrane.