Topic 5 FINAL

Which orientation describes cultures that believe human beings should live in balance with the natural environment?

• Subordinate to nature

• Dominant over nature

• Harmony with nature

• Independent from nature

Human Relationships Orientation: Social relationships can be organized as:

• Individualism, Hierarchy, or Collectivism

• Freedom, Democracy, or Dictatorship

• Friends, Family, or Colleagues

• Cooperation, Competition, or Isolation

Which of the following statements does not describe a high power distance culture?

• The higher status people may expect respect from subordinates.

• Parents expect children to obey without questioning.

• Subordinates expect to be consulted

• Bosses make decisions without consulting employees.

Which of the following is most characteristic of individualistic societies?

• People are defined primarily by their membership in family or community.

• Interests of the group take priority over the individual.

• Self-striving and personal accomplishment are highly valued.

• Communication tends to be more indirect.

Which statement is correct? (High masculinity: HM, Low masculinity: LM)

• HM: competition, success. LM: modesty, quality of life.

• HM: overlapping roles. LM: strict gender divisions.

• HM: dislikes rules. LM: prefers strict codes.

• HM: prefers ambiguity. LM: wants certainty.

Which statement is correct? (High Uncertainty Avoidance: HUA, Low Uncertainty Avoidance: LUA)

• HUA: like ambiguity; LUA: need rules.

• HUA: want rules, dislike ambiguity; LUA: tolerate ambiguity, fewer rules.

• HUA :value modesty, relationships; Low UA :value success.

• HUA :overlapping gender roles; Low UA :clear gender roles.

Which of the following best describes a culture with a long-term orientation?

• Preference for quick results and spending to match social expectations.

• Thrift, saving, and persistence toward long-term goals.

• Enjoying life and valuing free gratification of desires.

• Belief that gratification should be strictly regulated by social norms.

People in indulgent cultures are more likely to:

• Control desires through strict social norms.

• Prioritize savings and sacrifice for future benefits.

• Value enjoying life and having fun.

• Focus on short-term material success.

Why is Hofstede criticized for presenting a static view of culture?

• Because the model originally had only four dimensions

• Because the data did not reflect cultural and global changes over time

• Because the study lasted only one year

• Because it excluded other scholars' contributions

Why is Hofstede's questionnaire criticized?

• It studied cultural values directly

• Too long and confusing

• It measured job satisfaction, not culture

• Focused on blue-collar workers