Unit 1 Test

Which atomic model did J.J. Thomson propose based on his cathode ray tube experiments?

• The planetary model, with electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths.

• The plum pudding model, with electrons embedded in a positively charged sphere.

• The quantum mechanical model, where electrons exist in probability clouds.

• A model with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.

An atom of sulfur (S) has a mass number of 32 and contains 16 protons. How many neutrons does it have?

• 16

• 32

• 48

• 17

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Element X has two isotopes: X-100 (mass 100.0 amu, abundance 60%) and X-102 (mass 102.0 amu, abundance 40%). What is the average atomic mass of element X?

• 100.8 amu

• 101.2 amu

• 101.6 amu

• 102.0 amu

Which type of radioactive decay emits an electron from the nucleus?

• Alpha decay

• Beta decay

• Gamma decay

• Positron emission

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

What is the main difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

• Fusion splits a large nucleus; fission combines smaller nuclei.

• Fusion combines smaller nuclei; fission splits a large nucleus.

• Fusion absorbs energy; fission releases energy.

• Fusion converts energy into mass; fission does not.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which nuclear process powers stars like the Sun?

• Nuclear fission

• Nuclear fusion

• Alpha decay

• Beta decay

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

Which of the following is a medical application of radioactive isotopes?

• Using them to create fireworks.

• Heating homes with geothermal energy.

• Diagnostic imaging such as PET scans.

• Generating electricity with wind turbines.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

How do isotopes of the same element differ?

• Number of protons

• Number of neutrons

• Number of electrons

• Atomic number

Which nuclear decay does NOT change the mass number of an atom?

• Alpha decay

• Beta decay

• Gamma decay

• Both Beta and Gamma decay

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which statement correctly describes subatomic particles?

• Protons are in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Electrons are in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Neutrons are in the electron cloud and have no charge.

• Electrons are in the nucleus and have a negative charge.