Unit 5 Quiz

What is the primary function of metabolism in the human body?

• To maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

• To produce specialized cells for growth and repair.

• To convert food and oxygen into the energy needed for all bodily functions.

• To increase the body's overall size and mass.

Which of the following describes a catabolic pathway?

• It is the process of building new, complex molecules from simpler ones.

• It is the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones.

• It is the process of converting energy from ATP into glucose.

• It uses stored energy to repair and build new cells.

What is the primary role of ATP in a cell?

• To serve as the body's primary energy currency for all cellular functions.

• To act as the main building block for proteins.

• To regulate the body's core temperature.

• To break down glucose into simpler molecules.

Which of the following metabolic processes is responsible for generating most of the body's ATP from glucose?

• Anabolism

• Homeostasis

• Catabolism

• Cellular respiration

A person has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1,500 calories per day. This number represents the energy needed for which of the following?

• The energy needed to stay alive at rest, without any physical activity.

• The energy needed for a full day of light physical activity.

• The total energy needed for all activities, including sleep and exercise.

• The amount of energy needed to gain one pound of body weight.

Which of the following would require the most energy and be considered a highly anabolic process?

• The digestion of a protein shake after a workout.

• The body breaking down stored fat for energy during exercise.

• The release of glucose from the liver to raise blood sugar levels.

• A person's body building new muscle tissue after working out.

An athlete is preparing for a marathon. Which of the following would provide the most readily available source of energy for the race?

• Fatty acids from stored adipose tissue.

• Proteins from muscle tissue.

• Glucose from carbohydrates stored in muscles and the liver.

• Vitamins and minerals.

A person consumes a large meal. In which order do the metabolic processes occur to convert the food into energy and then into muscle?

• Anabolism, then catabolism, then energy storage.

• Energy storage, then catabolism, then anabolism.

• Catabolism, then ATP generation, then anabolism.

• ATP generation, then anabolism, then catabolism.

A person decides to go on a strict diet and begins to lose weight. What is happening at a metabolic level to achieve this weight loss?

• Their anabolic processes are increasing, causing them to build more muscle.

• They are consuming fewer calories than their body needs, leading to a net catabolic state where stored fat is broken down for energy.

• Their basal metabolic rate (BMR) has significantly increased due to the diet, causing them to burn more calories at rest.

• Their body has stopped producing ATP and is now getting energy directly from food.

Which of the following is an example of the body's physiological response to fulfill its energy needs during intense physical activity?

• The slowing of heart rate to conserve energy.

• The body's anabolic processes increase, causing rapid growth of muscle tissue.

• The conversion of ATP directly into fat for long-term energy storage.

• The breakdown of glucose stores in the liver and muscles to produce ATP.