Lecture 1.6 Plain Radiography (post)

In plain chest radiography, which position involves the X-ray beam in a horizontal direction while the patient is lying on their side?

• AP/PA

• Oblique (RAO, RPO, LAO, LPO)

• Recumbent (prone/ supine)

• Decubitus

What is the criterion for adequate inspiration on a chest x-ray?

• 5-6 posterior ribs visible above the diaphragm

• • 9-10 posterior ribs visible above the diaphragm

• Spinous processes equidistant between the medial ends of the clavicles

• 
  Intervertebral discs not visible through the cardiac shadow

The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is calculated as (A+B)/C, where C represents:

• The maximum width of the heart

• The internal diameter of the thoracic cage

• • The sum of the distances from the midline to the heart borders

• • The vertical height of the cardiac silhouette

Which of the following is A SIGN of left atrium enlargement on chest x-ray?

• Wide carinal angle

• Meniscus sign

• Uplifted cardiac apex

• Cardiac waist presents

What radiographic sign is associated with right ventricle enlargement?

• Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex

• Widened right heart border

• Uplifted cardiac apex

• Double density sign

In a normal chest x-ray, the trachea should be:

• • Deviated to the left due to the heart's position

• • Midline, with slight deviation acceptable

• Widened at the carinal angle in inspiration

• Invisible below the carina

Which of the following is a radiographic feature of heart failure?

• Decreased pulmonary venous pressure leading to caudalization

• Alveolar edema with perihilar "bat-wing" appearance

• • Reduced cardiac output causing smaller superior lobe vessels

• Absence of Kerley lines

Short, horizontal lines at lung bases near costophrenic angles is called:

• Kerley B lines

• Consolidation

• Double contour sign

• Kerley A lines

What does the term "costophrenic angle" refer to on a chest radiograph?

• The angle between the ribs and the spine

• The junction between the diaphragm and the chest wall

• The angle formed by the clavicle and the sternum

• 
  The curvature of the aortic arch

A chest radiograph shows a "widened mediastinum." This finding is most commonly associated with:

• Pneumothorax

• Aortic Dissection

• Pulmonary Edema

• COPD