AP Biology Transcription and Translation

What process does translation refer to?

• The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

• The process of converting DNA into RNA.

• The process of breaking down proteins into amino acids.

• The process of replicating DNA before cell division.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

• mRNA is responsible for translating proteins into amino acids.

• mRNA helps in the replication of DNA during cell division.

• mRNA acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

What are the components of a ribosome?

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

• DNA and RNA

• Lipids and carbohydrates

• Enzymes and coenzymes

Where does translation occur in the cell?

• In the nucleus

• In the mitochondria

• In the ribosome

• In the Golgi apparatus

What is the function of exons?

• Exons are non-coding regions of a gene that do not translate into proteins.

• Exons are the coding regions of a gene that are expressed and translated into proteins.

• Exons are sequences that regulate gene expression but are not translated.

• Exons are the parts of RNA that are removed during splicing.

What is the TATA box?

• A type of RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis.

• A DNA sequence found in eukaryotic promoters that serves as a recognition site for the transcription machinery to initiate transcription.

• A protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression.

• A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

• Transcription is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

• Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template.

• Transcription and translation are the same processes that occur simultaneously in the cell.

• Transcription is the process of copying DNA into DNA, while translation is the process of converting RNA into DNA.

What is the role of transcription factors?

• Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.

• Transcription factors are enzymes that synthesize RNA from DNA.

• Transcription factors are lipids that store genetic information.

• Transcription factors are carbohydrates that provide energy for cellular processes.

What is the significance of ribosomes in translation?

• Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the binding of tRNA to mRNA and catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication in the nucleus of the cell.

• Ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates in the endoplasmic reticulum.

• Ribosomes help in the degradation of proteins in the lysosomes.

What are introns?

• Parts of a gene that code for amino acids in a protein.

• Non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.

• Regions of DNA that are transcribed into mRNA.

• Sequences that enhance the expression of a gene.