Unit A3 Test

What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

• Magnetism

• Gravity

• Friction

• Electromagnetism

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Who developed the law of universal gravitation?

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Albert Einstein

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

According to Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, the force of gravity depends on:

• Only the masses of the objects

• Only the distance between the objects

• The masses of the objects and the distance between them

• The speed of the objects

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

If the distance between two objects doubles, the gravitational force becomes:

• Twice as strong

• Half as strong

• One-fourth as strong

• Four times as strong

Which of Kepler’s Laws states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus?

• First Law

• Second Law

• Third Law

• Law of Universal Gravitation

Kepler’s Second Law is also known as:

• The Law of Periods

• The Law of Areas

• The Law of Ellipses

• The Law of Motion

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

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What does Kepler’s Second Law describe about a planet’s motion?

• Its distance from the Sun never changes

• Its speed is constant

• It sweeps out equal areas in equal times

• It moves slower near the Sun

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

According to Kepler’s Third Law, the square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to:

• Its distance from the Sun

• The cube of its average distance from the Sun

• Its mass

• The mass of the Sun only

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which planet orbits the Sun the fastest?

• Mercury

• Venus

• Earth

• Mars

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes:

• Earth’s seasons

• The phases of the Moon

• Ocean tides

• Lunar eclipses