Risk factors for disease are...

• Factors that predispose a disease (age, substance use, genetics).

• The direct cause that initiates a disease.

• Present at birth.

• A sequence of events that take place from the time of initial contact with a pathogen through expression of a disease.

The sequence of anaphylaxis begins when an allergen is introduced to a host, IgE antibodies bind to the allergen releasing histamine and inflammatory mediators. This causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction, and various other systemic responses. This sequence of events would be described as the ______ of disease.

• Pathogenesis

• Etiology

• Morphologic Changes

• Clinical Manifestations

What does a diagnosis require (select all that apply)

• A thorough medical history

• Physical examination

• Diagnostic Testing

• Inpatient admission

Which of the following are symptoms of illness (select all that apply)?

• Pain

• Shortness of breath

• Tachycardia (rapid pulse)

• Vital signs

Which of the following would be considered a primary method of disease prevention?

• Immunization to prevent infection

• An individual receives a mammogram for breast cancer screening

• Exercising with physical therapy following a hip fracture

A cell shrinks to a smaller size/lower level of functioning. How would you define this process?

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

• Hyperplasia

• Metaplasia

Deranged cell growth resulting in varying size, shape, and organization is defined as:

• Dysplasia

• Metaplasia

• Calcification

• Hyperplasia

Lead poisoning is caused by what type of injury?

• Mechanical Force

• Radiation

• Biologic

• Chemical

_____ is the most common etiology of cellular injury, caused by a lack of oxygen to the cells.

• Hypoxia (Ischemia)

• Falls

• Abrasions

• Herniated disc

The increase of what electrolyte can cause the activation of spontaneous cell death (apoptosis)?

• Calcium

• Potassium

• Magnesium

• Chloride