Genetics Quiz SEPTEMBER 12TH HL

Which of the following best describes a gene pool?

• All the dominant alleles in a population

• All the recessive alleles in a population

• All the genes and their alleles in a population

• All the heterozygous individuals in a population

A farmer’s herd of cattle all have black coats, but some carry alleles for brown coats. Which concept explains this?

• Artificial selection

• Gene pool

• Genetic drift

• Mutation

Which scenario is an example of allele frequency differences due to isolation?

• Wolves migrating between packs

• A population of iguanas stranded on an island after a storm

• Bees pollinating flowers across different fields

• Fish swimming between connected lakes

Why might allele frequencies change more rapidly in small isolated populations?

• Random mutations never occur

• They have fewer alleles overall, so chance events matter more

• They cannot reproduce sexually

• Selection does not act on them

Who integrated Mendelian genetics with natural selection to form neo-Darwinism?

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

• Modern biologists in the early 20th century

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A population of moths shifts from mostly white to mostly black after industrial soot darkens trees. Which theory best explains this change?

• Lamarck’s inheritance of acquired traits

• Neo-Darwinism (mutation + selection)

• Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium

• Random chance

Which selection increases the number of individuals with extreme phenotypes?

• Stabilizing

• Directional

• Disruptive

• Balancing

Human birth weight being optimal at 3–4 kg (extremes less likely to survive) is an example of:

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Artificial selection

The increase in average beak size of Galápagos finches during drought years is an example of:

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Artificial selection

The Hardy–Weinberg equation is:

• p + q = 2

• p² + 2pq + q² = 1

• p² + q² = 1

• 2pq = 1