Exploring Engineering Physics Concepts

What is the function of a P-N junction diode?

• To allow current to flow in both directions.

• The function of a P-N junction diode is to allow current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.

• To amplify electrical signals.

• To store electrical energy.

Explain how a Zener diode differs from a regular diode.

• A Zener diode conducts current in both directions, while a regular diode only conducts in one direction.

• A Zener diode is used for high voltage applications, while a regular diode is used for low voltage applications.

• A Zener diode has a higher forward voltage drop than a regular diode.

• A Zener diode allows reverse current at a specific voltage, while a regular diode blocks reverse current until breakdown.

What is the principle behind the operation of a solar cell?

• The magnetic field generated by solar panels.

• The photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials.

• The chemical reaction in batteries.

• The thermal energy conversion process.

Describe the characteristics of an LED.

• LEDs are large and fragile components.

• LEDs are primarily used for heating purposes.

• LEDs are energy-efficient, long-lasting, low-heat emitting, available in various colors, compact, and durable.

• LEDs are only available in white color.

How does a LASER produce coherent light?

• A LASER creates coherent light by amplifying ambient light in the environment.

• A LASER produces coherent light through stimulated emission of photons in a gain medium.

• A LASER produces coherent light through random emission of photons.

• A LASER generates coherent light by reflecting light off a prism.

What are Bohr's postulates regarding atomic structure?

• Electrons can exist anywhere around the nucleus without restriction.

• 1. Electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus. 2. These orbits have quantized energy levels. 3. Energy is absorbed or emitted in discrete amounts during transitions between levels.

• Energy levels are continuous and not quantized.

• Electrons are stationary and do not move.

How does the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle apply to particle behavior?

• It suggests that particles do not have a defined position or momentum at all.

• The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that particles can be in multiple places at once.

• The principle allows for precise measurement of both position and momentum simultaneously.

• The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle implies that the more accurately we know a particle's position, the less accurately we can know its momentum, and vice versa.

What is the de Broglie hypothesis and its significance?

• The de Broglie hypothesis states that particles have wave-like properties, leading to the concept of wave-particle duality.

• The de Broglie hypothesis suggests that all matter is made of waves.

• The de Broglie hypothesis claims that particles cannot exhibit wave-like behavior.

• The de Broglie hypothesis states that light behaves only as a particle.

Explain the concept of wave-particle duality.

• Wave-particle duality is the concept that particles, such as electrons and photons, exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.

• Particles can only behave as particles and never as waves.

• Wave-particle duality is a theory that applies only to classical mechanics.

• Wave-particle duality states that waves can only exist in a vacuum.

What are Miller indices and how are they used in crystallography?

• Miller indices are a notation system (h, k, l) used to describe the orientation of crystal planes in crystallography.

• Miller indices are a method for measuring crystal temperature.

• Miller indices represent the chemical composition of minerals.

• Miller indices are used to calculate the density of crystals.